Electro-pneumatic brake apparatus



April 16, 1957 c. M. HlNEs 2,789,017

ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC BRAKE APPARATUS Filed Dec. 11, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet l INI 'EN TOR.

YClaude M Hin es B QW a A TTOENE Y April 16, 1957 c. M. l-nNEs 2,789,017

ELECTRO-PNEUMATICI BRAKE APPARATUS Filed Deo. ll, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

m'llazzde M Hines* United States ELECI'RO-PNEUMIIC APPARATUS Application December 11,1953, Serial No. 397,578

9 Claims. (Cl. 303-26) .This invention relates to electro-pneumatic brake apparatus and more particularly to such apparatus of the type adapted for use on railway trains and the like.

in the Westinghouse Air Brake Companys instruction Leailet No. 2606-1 dated February 1950, there is shown and described a No. 24-RLlocornotive brake equipment adapted to control the i'luid pressure brakes on an electric or diesel-electric locomotive and on the cars connected thereto on either the automatic principle through the medium of a brake pipe or the electro-pneumatic principle through the medium of so-called application and release train wires and a straight-air pipe.

This locomotive brake equipment comprises a manually operable engineers brake valve device-for varying, `selectively, the pressure of duid in the brake pipe and in a straight-air control pipe, the pressure in the latter pipe and yin the straight-air pipe controlling operation of an electro-pneumatic master controller, which, in turn, controls energization and deenergization of the application and release train Wires, which extend through the locomotive and cars or" the train, for actuating application and release magnet valve devices provided on the locomotive and also provided, as -a part of the car brake equipment, on the connected cars.

A serious leakage condition in the straight-air pipe or a break in the application or .release train wire or in a return wire (to be described subsequently) may so vitiate an electro-pneumatic brake application as to render train operation hazardous. it only a partial brake application is eective due to one or more or the above causes, the engineer may not realize this condition in time to avoid a collision by actuating the brake valve device to an emergency position (hereinafter to be described) for thereby eecting an emergency application of the brakes throughout the train; or the emergency application, if timely made, may be so violent as to cause severe iniury to passengers, for on trains in passenger service the brakes are generally controlled on the electro-pneumatic principle.

The principal object of this invention'is therefore to provide an improved electro-pneumatic brake apparatus embodying novel means for insuring ,a brake application in spite of the existence of potentially serious conditions such as those above described.

According to this object, novel means are provided for causing a reduction in pressure of tluid in the brake pipe and thereby etecting an application of the automatic lhuid pressure brakes on the locomotive and connected cars of a train inthe event of a serious leakage condition .in the straight-air pipe or failures in the electrical portion et" an electro-pneumatic brake apparatus.

An additional object is to provide a novel brake insuring means of the type indicated in the .foregoing object and especially adapted for use with theNo. 24-RL brake equipment or brake apparatus of similar type.

Other objects and .advantages will become more appar- "atent 2,789,017 Patented Apr. 16, 1957 ent from the following more detailed description of the invention.

in the accompanying drawings: Fig. l is a diagrammatic view, partly in section and partly in outliue,-of a iirst embodiment of the invention-shown'illustratively with a portion of the No. 2 Rl. brake equipment; Fig. v2-isan enlarged sectional view of the Vservice portion of an engineers brake valve device shown in outline Vin Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view-or a second embodiment of .the invention shown illustratively with the vNo. 24-RL brake equipment included-in Fig. l.

VDESCRIPTION Since both embodiments of the invention are adapted for use with electro-pneumatic brake apparatus of .the type shown and described the aforementioned .-instrIIc-- tion leaflet, the disclosure in the following descriptionand in the accompanying drawings has been limited 'to vonly such structure as is .essential to a .clear understanding *of the respective embodiments of the invention.

First embodiment-Figs. 1 andZ Referring to Fig. l of the drawings, the improved electro-pneumatic brake apparatus comprises'the .usual straight-air pipe and brake pipe 2, both of which `are adapt-ed to .extend through the locomotive and .cars ,of a train. rhis apparatus further comprises Ythe usual engineers automatic brake valve device 3, electro-pneumatic master controller 4, application train wire 5 and release train wire 6 (both adapted to extend through'the locomotive and ears of the train), application V'magnet valve device 7, release .magnet valve device 18, and a novel brake insuring portion constituting a -first embodiment of the invention and comprising generally, he remaining components shown in said figure, Which-components will hereinafter be described. .All of vthe .structure referred to above is provided exclusively'on the locomotive, except as already otherwise stated.

The brake valve device 3 may, for sake .of illustration, be of the type designated in the aforementioned instruction leailet as the DSE-24 Brake Valve. This brake valve device comprises, .briey, a manually adjustable shifter lever' (not shown) to adapt'said device. for 911eration, selectively, on the automatic or electropneu/maticl straight-air principles, and also comprisesvalvemeans.- (not shown) operable by movement of a- .handle .-9-o1 controlling, selectively, the pressure of duid in the brake pipe 2 and in a straight-air control pipe 10.

When the brake valve device 3 Ais adjusted foroperation on the automatic principle, the handle 9.is movable to a release position for charging Vthe brake pipe 2 with duid under pressure for thereby releasing the automatic iuid pressure brakes throughout the train; to-a'r-unnipg position for charging said brake pipe at a reduced rate, and maintaining said brakes released; to a service position for eiecting any desired degree of service kreduction in the pressure .of uid in said brake pipe; lto a `lap position lor bottling-up the tluid in said brake pipefat the desired reduced pressure; and to .an emergencyv position for venting said brake .pipe to atmosphere and thereby effecting an emergency application .of the automatic brakes. L' i A When the brake valve `device 3 ris .adjusted for ,operation onthe electro-.pneumatic principle, {the handle 9.is movable to a running position for Venting the straightfair control pipe lil to atmosphere and thereby causing Aa release ofthe electro-pneumatic '.brakeson :the :locomotive and connected cars. The handle 9 .is'movable .from running position into an application and -release A*zone Yfor charging the pipe tiwith-uid at 'a pressure proportional to the rextent of vsuch movement and thereby eectinga corresponding degree of brake application, and is also movable to an emergency position for causing the brake pipe 2 to be vented to atmosphere for thereby effecting an emergency application of the automatic uid pressure brakes, as during operation on the automatic principle; said brake pipe, during operation on the electro-pneumatic'principle, normally being charged with iiuid under pressure in all positions of handle 9 except emergency position for preventing an undesired application of the automatic fluid pressure brakes.

The brake valve device 3 comprises the usual service application portion 11, which is operative automatically upon venting of fluid under pressure from a safety control conduit 12 to cause a safety control brake application by causing a so-called service application of the automatic uid pressure brakes on the locomotive and connected cars, as will now be explained.

As shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the service application portion 11 comprises, briey, a piston 13 slidabiy mounted in a sectionalized casing 14 and subject on one side to pressure of uid in a control chamber 15 and on the opposite side to pressure of fluid in a chamber 16. The chamber 16 is adapted to be constantly charged with uid under pressure from the usual main reservoir (not shown) and the chamber 15 is adapted to be vented to atmosphere by way of the safety control conduit 12 or to be charged with fluid under pressure from chamber 16 by way of a bleed port 17 provided in piston 13 for permitting equalization, at a controlled rate, of the pressures of uid in said chambers. A helical spring 18 disposed in the control chamber 15 urges the piston 13 to a normal position for thereby deuing a normal position of a slide valve 19 disposed in chamber 16 and carried by said piston. The piston 13 and hence slide valve 19 are adapted, upon venting of fluid under pressure from the control chamber 15, to assume an opposite limit or application position by action of the pressure of lluid in chamber 16 overcoming resistance of spring 18. With the slide valve 19 in application position, the safety control conduit 12 will also be vented by way of a lock-over port (not shown), in accordance with the usual practice, and a service reduction in the pressure of fluid in brake pipe 2 (Fig. l) will be eiected and result in the aforementioned safety control brake application.

As shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, the electro-pneu,n matic master controller 4 (which may be identical with the device of similar name described in the aforementioned instruction leaet) comprises a sectionalized hollow casing 20 between opposite end portions of which are clamped, in spaced coaxial relation, two exible diaphragms 21, 22 separated by a non-pressure chamber 23 constantly open to atmosphere; the respective diaphragms being subject on their non-adjacent sides to pressures of uid in pressure chambers 24, 25 defined by the respective end portions. The chambers 24, 25 are chargeable with uid under pressure or ventable to atmosphere by way of the straight-air control pipe 10 and a branch of the straight-air pipe 1, respectively. The diaphragms 21, 22 are provided with coaxially arranged followers 26, 27 disposed within the non-pressure chamber 23 and connected to each other, for movement in unison, through the medium of a coaxially aligned rod 28; the longitudinal position of said rod being controlled by the comparative pressures of fluid in the chambers 24, 25.

Two movable contact members 29, 39 disposed in the chamber 23 are operably connected to the rod 28 throughl the medium of an insulated shifter spool 31 rigidly mounted on said rod; said contact members being known as the application contact member and release contact member, respectively. The contact members 29, are each rockable at a point intermediate their respective ends and adapted at their opposite ends for engagement with spring supported application and release contact members 32, 33, respectively, which are yieldable so as to permit continued movement of the rod 28 in a rightward direction, as viewed in Fig. l of the drawings, against resistance of the corresponding spring supports after such engagement has been rst established. The movable contact members 29, 30 are connected to a supply wire 34 which, in turn, is connected to the positive terminal of a source of electrical energy, such as a battery and the yieldable contact members 32, 33 are connected, respectively, to the application and release train wires 5, 6.V

The master controller 4 has a release position, in which it is shown in Fig. l of the drawings and in which position the rod 23 is so situated that the application contact mem- -bers 29, 32 are disengaged from each other and release contact members 30, 33 are also disengaged from each other. Upon movement of the rod 28 to the right from its shown position, the release contact member 30 is adapted to engage the yieldable release contact member 33 for thereby energizing the release train Wire 6; and thereafter, upon continued movement of said rod to the right, the application contact member 29 is adapted to engage the yieldable application Contact member 32 for thereby energizing the application train wire 5. A spring supported stop member 36, disposed in chamber 25,'is provided for stabilizing operation of the master controller 4 between a lap position (in which rod 28 l'lrst engages said stop member and the wires 6, 5 are energized and deenergized, respectively) and an application position (in which said rod compresses said stop member and the wires 6, 5 are concurrently energized).

The application and release magnet valve devices '7, 8 (which may be of the combined type designated in the aforementioned leaflet as the No. 2l-B Magnet and Bracket) comprise respective supply and release valve Y means (not shown), operation of each of which is controlled by energization and deenergizaticn of the winding of a respective electro-magnet (not shown). The application and release magnet valve devices 7, 8 have one terminal connected in parallel with the application andV release train wires 5, 6, respectively, and the other terminal of each of said devices is connected to a battery return wire 37 extending through the train and connected to the negative terminal of the battery 3S. When the release train wire 6 is deenergized, the aforementioned release valve means is adapted to vent the straight-air pipe 1 to atmosphere by way of a vent port (not shown); and when said wire is energized, said release v-alve means is adapted to close communication between said pipe and vent port. When the application train wire 5 is energized, the aforementioned supply valve means is adapted to establish communication between the straight-air pipe 1 and a fluid pressure supply pipe 38 connected to an auxiliary reservoir (not shown) provided on the locomotive; and when said wire is deenergized, said supply valve means is operative to disestablish such communication.

lt will thus be noted that when the master controller 4 is in lap position, in which the wires 5, 6 are respectively deenergized yand energized, the application and release magnet valve devices 7, 8 cooperate to bottle up the uid in the straight-air pipe 1.

The above-described locomotive brake equipment is adapted for use with cai` brake equipment, which may be of the type shown and described in Instruction Pamphlet No. 5064, Sup. 27 of the Westinghouse Air Brake Com pany, dated November 1945. This car brake equipment comprises, briey, application and release magnet valve devices (noty shown), identical in structure with the respective devices 7, S and connected, in the manner just described, inY parallel with the application and release train wires 5, 6, respectively, and also the battery return wire 37; which wires 5, 6 and 37 extend through the train, as previously stated. An auxiliary reservoir (not shown) is provided on each car for locally supplying fluid under pressure to the straight-air pipe 1 upon ener gization of the application magnet valve device on such car; and the release magnet valve device on each car is .adentra when energized, te .lQaally Nant said straightilpip'atmsuher.

fIhe V,locomotive and car brake equipment Vthusfar `described is operative in exactly the same manner as that shownrinthe aforementioned instructionleaflet and pamphlet, respectively. Thus, when ithehandle 9 of breite valve device 3 is moved from running position into the application and vrelease zone, fluid underpressure will be .supplied to the straight-air control vpipe 1i? and will flow to the chamber 2d of master controller 4, causing deflection of diaphragm 2l and consequent Vmovement of rod 28 .toward chamber 25. AAs-the rod 28 is thus moved, it will successively cause the respective release and application wires 6, 5 to be energizd for therebycausing the release and application magnet valve devices 8, 7 on the locomotive, as well as 'those on the cars, to successively terminate local venting ofthe straight-.air pipe 1 and then Ilocally charge the latter pipe with fluid under pressure from the corresponding auxiliary reservoirs.

During this charging of the straight-air pipe l, iiuid under pressure will how ata controlled rate through -a choke 39 into chamber 25 of master controller 4; said choke being provided for stabilizing movementof the rod 2S toward chamber 2d.. When the pressure of iluid in chamber has attained substantial equalization with that in chamber 24, the rod 28 will vbe urged toward chamber 24 by the spring-supported stop member 36, causing the master controller 4 to assume its lap position.

When, however, the handle 9 of brake valve device 3 is thereafter moved toward release position, the pressure of fluid in the straight-air control pipe l@ will be reduced below that in tl e straight-air pipe 1, and hence the preponderant pressure of fluid in chamber 25 will cause the master controller 4 to assume its release position, in which the appl' concurrently deenergized. Under this condition, the release magnet valve devices on the locomotive and cars will each operate to locally vent the straight-air pipe 1 until the pressure of iiuid in said pipe is once again substantially equal to that in the control pipe lil, whereupon the master controller 4 will reassurne its lap position, as will be understood from previous description.

vif the application train wire 5 -were to become broken at any point rearward of the place where the application magnet valve device 7 on Athe locomotive is connected thereto, the aforementioned application magnet valve devices on the `cars rearward of the point of such breal; would never be energized, and consequently a brake application on such cars would be delayed until the portion of the straight-air pipe extending through these cars is charged by Voperation of the application magnet valve devices on the cars forward of'such break.

if, on the other hand, the Arelease train wire 6 were to become broken at a point such as above described,

the brake application on the cars rearward of such point would be defective because the aforementioned release magnet valve devices on such cars, being deenergized, would locally vent the straight-air -pipe 1 to atmosphere, whiie the corresponding application magnet valve devices are vlocally char* lg said pipe with uid under pressure, thereby causing leakage of tiuid under pressure from the corresponding auxiliary reservoirs to atmosphere.

lf the battery return wire 37 were to become broken, no potential could be developed in -the cars rearward of the point of such break and hence the application and release magnet valve devices on such cars would be completely inoperative, thereby lpreventing local charging of the straight-air pipe l and causing said pipe to be locally vented to atmosphere, resulting in discharge to atmosphere of fluid under pressure supplied from the nonaiected cars.

Thus, a break. in the application, release or battery return wire or a break in the .straight-.air pipe will not only result in an uneven degree of braking throughout the train and produce a slack runin condition, but such tion and release train wires 5, 6 are i6 failure may :so vitiate the electro-pneumati iblakepplicationas to rendertrain operationfhazardous ,According tothe invention, .two ,embodiments .of novel brake insuring .portion are provided for .installation ,on the locomotive for elfecting a 4brake `rapplication ;in spite of the existence of .conditions Vsuchas.thosejust described.

Referring to Fig. .l ofthe drawings, .theiirst ,embodiment Lcomprises an electro-pneumatic.time-delaywtch liti; a relay 4l.; a slow pick-up andrelease relay means, which for salie of illustration mayfcomprisea relay- 42,-.a condenser Y43, and a resistor 44; and an application -or magnet valve :device 45; the slow pickz-up andirelease relay means -being optional, but preferable forleasons :to be explained subsequently.

The electro-pneumatic switch 40 may, .forsake .of illustration, comprise a sectionalized, .hollow rcasing `4.6, between respective end portions `of .which .are clamped, in spaced coaxial relation, two exible'diaphragms 47, 4S separated by a non-pressure chamber 49 constantly open to atmosphere; the respective diaphragms vbeing sbject on their non-adjacent sides `to pressure fof -uidin .pressure chambers 59, 51, respectively. .The chambers 59, 51 are adapted to be charged with lluid under pres sure or vented to atmosphere by way of .diierent v.branches of the straight-air control pipe 10; .achoke 52 being provided in the branch leading to chamber 512, however, so as to retard the rate of build-up of uid under pressure in the latter chamber as compared -to the former chamber, for reasons to be explained pres- .ent1y.

The diaphragrns14'7, 4S are provided with coaxiallyarranged followers 53, 54 disposed in chamber A19-andattached lat their adjacent sides to a coaxially :aligned -rod 55. Rigidly mounted yon the rod 55 is anrinsulated shifter spool 56 which Ais operatively connected tonne end 4of .a movable contact member S7, which is rockable at .a point intermediate its ends and adapted tto `be carried by said rod into and out vof engagement with a yieldable, spring-supported `contact member 58. .The contact ,member S7 is connected to a `branch of the .supply wire 34, and contact member :58 is connected to .a v`control `wire 59.

A helical spring 643 disposed in chamber .51,normally urges the diaphragm 4S and hence rod r55 into .a position in which they are shown `in Fig. 1 `of thedrawings, ,and in which position the contact members 57, 58 fare-disengaged from each other, `for thereby defining an open position of the 4switch 46. Upon supply .of duid yunder pressure to the straight-air control pipe 10 during `the initial -phase of an electro-pneumatic .brake application, the pressure of duid in chamber 50 vacting `011 diaphragm 47 is adapted to cause movement 'of therodiSSV toward chamber 51 for thereby causing the switch 4010 assume a closed position, in which the contact members 57, 7.58 engage each other for thereby energizing lthe roontrol wire 59. The switch dit is adapted to remain in closed position until the pressure of fluid ,in chamber .51 attains substantial equalization with that in chamber 5.0, whereupon said switch will reassume its .open `position under action of spring VSil Von lrod 55. The switch 40 will thus be in an vopen position :except .for .a relatively short period of time immediately following an :increase in the pressure of fluid in the straight-air control pipe 19; the length of said period being dependent upon v'the extent of such increase in pressure and .also .the size of choke 52 in relation to the inner diameter of pipe '10. According to design, the choke 52 is of such size 'as will cause the switch 40 to remain in closed position during an electro-pneumatic brake application build-up for a tolerable period of time during which the application train wire 5 may remain energized for effecting such application under normal leakage conditions, ias will be understood from subsequent Vdescription of o eration.

The respective terminals of thereby-41 areeennegetd 7 to 'branches of the applicationtrain wire 5 vand battery Areturn wire 37. YThe relayAlcomprises a winding 61 for controlling operation of an armature which actuates a back contact member 62 that is connected to a brauch of the battery supply wire 34 and adapted to make contact with'control wire 59. The term back contact member, denotes a` contact member which is normally in a closed position and is adapted to be actuated by the armature to an open position when an energizing voltage is developed across the corresponding relay, while Ythe term front contact member (to be hereinafter used) denotes'a contact member which is normally in open position and is adapted to be actuated to a closed position when an energizing voltage is developed across the corresponding relay.

One terminal of relay 42 is connected to the control "wire 59 through the resistor 44, the other terminal being connectedto -a branch of the battery return wire 37. The relay 42 comprises a winding 63 for controlling operation of an armature which actuates a front contact member 64 connected to the battery supply wire 34 and adapted to make contact with a wire 65.

' The condenser 43 is shunt connected across the -terminals of relay 42 and adapted to be charged at a controlled rate during energization of control wire S59 so that it may discharge and thereby maintain an energizing voltage across said relay for a limited period of time if the control wire 59 should subsequently become deenergized, for reasons t-o be explained subsequently.

The resistor 44 is provided for limiting the rate at which the condenser 43 will be charged during energiza- "tion of' control wire 59, so that short, frequent opera- 'tion of the master controller 4 between lap iand application positions indicative of an abnormal leakage con- Adition in the straight-air pipe will prevent said condenser from being charged so rapidly that the faulty condition will not be recognized. Stated diiferently, the resistor 44 andV condenser 43 provide a means for measuring the relative percentages of time that the application wire Sgand hence control Wire 59 are energized and deenergized, for thereby recognizing undesired shuttling operation of the master controller 4 resultant from a leak- 'age condition as noted in the straight-air pipe 1, 'as will be Ademonstrated subsequently.

fIt is to be noted that the switch 40 detects a fault during the initial build-up of the electro-pneumatic brake application, while the resistor 44, condenser 43 and relay 42 are arranged to detect, primarily, a fault after an ini- 'f-ti/al build-up has been obtained. V The magnet valve device 45 may, for sake of illus tration, be of the type shown in Fig. l of the drawings; the respective terminals of said relay being connected to the wire 65 and battery return wire 37. The device 45 comprises a sectionalized casing 66 having a pressure chamber 67 connected to a branch of the safety control conduit 12 and also having an exhaust chamber 68 Vconstantly open to atmosphere. An exhaust valve 69, 'for controlling communication 'between chambers 67, y68, is disposed in the latter chamber land has a fluted stem 70 slidably guided in a bore 71 extending through a casing partition separating chambers 67, 68. The devvice 45 further comprises an electro-magnet (not shown) adapted vto be energized by Way of wire 65 for preventing communication between chambers 67, 68 by causing -the exhaust valve 69 lto engage a seat 72 formed in the aforementioned casing partition in encirclement of vbore 71. A helical spring 73, disposed in chamber 67 and acting on a collar iixed on stem 7i?, is adapted to unseat the valve 69 when the aforementioned electromagnet is deenergized, for thereby causing the safety control conduit 12 to be vented to atmosphere by way of chambers 67, 68.

lf desired,` the resistor 44, relay 42, condenser 43 and wire 65 may be eliminated and the control wire 59 con- -nect'ed directly tothe one terminal of device-45'to-whch 8 the wire 65 is shown connected. Under such condition, if the control wire 59 should become deenergizedat any time, the magnet valve device 45 will be deenergized and cause venting of the safety control conduit 12, thereby initiating a safety control brake application. Thus, since any leakage condition in the straight-air pipe 1 will cause the master controller 4 to move to application position to recharge said pipe, the consequent deenergization of control wire 59, even momentarily, will cause a safety control brake application to be initiated. in view of the fact that a certain amount of straight-air pipe leakage is considered normal and permissible, however, the preferred arrangement includes the relay 42, condenser 43 and re- Vsistor 44, for thereby assuring that a safety control brake application 'will not be effected unless warranted by a sufficiently serious leakage condition in the straight-air pipe or by an unduly delayed or a defective electropneumatic brake application, as will be demonstrated subsequently.

Operation-Figs. 1 and 2 In operation, assume initially that the brake valve de vice 3 is adjusted for operation on the electro-pneumatic straight-air principle; that the handle 9 of said device is in running position, in which the brakes are released throughout the train; and that the safety control conduit 12 and brake pipe 2 are charged with fiuid under pressure.

Under these conditions, the respective components of the improved electro-pneumatic brake apparatus will be in the positions in which they are shown in Figs. l and 2 of the drawings.

With handle 9 in running position, the straight-air control pipe i0 will be vented to atmosphere; in consequence thereof, the electro-pneumatic switch 49 will be in open position, and the master controller 4 will be in release position in which the application and release train wires 5, 6 are deenergized. With wires 5, 6 deenergized, the application and release magnet valve devices on the locomotive and connected cars will cooperate to close off the aforementioned auxiliary reservoirs from the straight-air pipe 1 and to open said pipe locally to atmosphere on the locomotive and each car, in the manner previously explained.

With the application train Wire 5 and hence relay 41 deenergized, back contact member 62 of said relay will be in closed position, thereby maintaining the contro wire 59 energized, which, in turn, will have caused a charge to oe built up on the condenser 43 (and hence across the relay 42 shunt connected thereto) for thereby maintaining an energizing voltage across said relay and consequently maintaining the magnet valve device 45 energized by Way of the wire 65. Under such condition, the exhaust valve 6g of device 45 will be seated, thereby closing olf pressure chamber 67 from exhaust chamber 68 and hence bottling up fluid under pressure in the safety control conduit l2.

Assume now that the handle 9 of brake valve device 3 is moved from running position into the application and release zone, for thereby supplying fluid under pressure to the straight-air control pipe iti for electing an electro-pneumatic brake application. Pressure of the uid thus supplied to pipe 10 will simultaneously actuate the master controller 4 and the electro-pneumatic switch 40.

The master controller 4 will move from release position through lap position to application position, successively energizing the release train Wire 6 and then the application train Wire 5 for thereby causing the release and application magnet valve devices S, 7 on the locomotive as well as those on the connected cars to successively terminate local venting of the straight-air pipe 1 to atmosphere and then locally charge the latter pipe with uid under pressure from the corresponding auxiliary reservoirs.

" Y During this operation of-the master controller 4, the

.Switch 40 will. be moved from oprit posities t@ @10nd p ities by pressure O f uid in Chamber .5tlg thereby tanins the teatro! wire 59 getnwusly energized, despite the movement of back contact member 62 to an open position resultant from energization of the application train wire and consequently of the relay 41. Since the eontrol wire 59 and hence relay 42 are Ythus maintained continuously energized, the control wire 65 and hence the magnet valve device 5 will remain energized for preventing a safety control brake application.

lf the application and release train wires 5, 5 are intact and leakage from the straight-air pipe l is within allwable limits, the application and release magnet valve devices on the locomotive and cars will operate within an allowable period of time to charge the straight-air pipe 1 to a pressure substantially equal to that in the straight-air control pipe whereupon the master controller 4 will move from application position to lap position (in which the application train wire 5 is deenergized while the release train wire 6 remains energized) for thereby bottling up fluid at the desired pressure in the straight-air pipe 1f As soon as the application train wire 5 is deenergized the relay 4l will 'operate to energize Athe control wire 59; and despite the subsequent movement of the switch 41B to open position upon attainment of substantial equalization of pressures of fluid in the respective chambers Si?, S1, the control wire 59 will be continuously energized lfor thereby maintaining the magnet valve device energized and preventing a safety control brake application.

With the electro-pneumatic brake application thus made and with straight-air pipe leakage within allowable limits asabove assumed, the master controller 4 will move at infrequent intervals from lap to application position to maked up such leakage. Under suc-h condition, the controller d will be in application position for a relatively small percentage of time and hence the voltage loss across the relay 42 during discharge of condenser 4 3 (while the said controlleris in application position) will be made up when said controller returns to lap position and thereby causes back contact member 62 Aof relay l'to reenergize ,the control wire 59 for recharging said condenser.

It will now be seen that if the fault is one which unduly delays the initial buildup of an electro-pneumatic brake application in the locomotive, i. e., causes the master controller 4 to remain in application position for a protracted period of Atime before'inoving to lap position, the application wire 5 will still b e energized when the switch 4i? moves to open position and conseguently d eenergizes the control wire 59. The condenser '33 will thereupon discharge to maintain an actuating voltage across the relay 4Z for a certain period of time, but if the application wire 5 is not energized within such period for Iterminating such discharge and recharging 4said condenser, the relay 42 will drop out, causing front contact member 6d to move to open position and hence causing the magnet valve device 45 to be deenergized and initiate a safety control brake application, as will be vunderstood from previous description.

On the other hand, if the fault is one which permits the master controller Llto move to lap position at some time while an actuating voltage is still Vbeing developed across the relay 4 2, but thereafter causes said controller to shuttle between lap and application positions and thereby cause the control wire `5910 be deenerglzed for such a relatively great percentage yof the time'that the condenser 43 discharges to a point where it fails to maintain an actuating voltage across the relay 42, a safety control brake application will likewise be initiated by deenergization of the magnet valve device 45. The manner in which dcenergization of device 45 causes the safety control brake application will be explained subsequently.

The eifects of the various types o f faults will now be examined. the Yapplication ywire S becomes Vbroken at .a Paint near the locomotive, thereby preventing tien G f all applicativa :magret valve devices react/ artist Such .Point during an slsctrQ-Pneumatis brake applis on, the applicati@ magret valve devises which are epesses@ will operate to not only locally charge their .respe c ve sections of the straight-air pipe 1 but also to charge -the sections of said pipe rearward of the point of the break. Under such condition, a safety control brake application will be effected, generally due to the delayed initial buildup. lf the break is nearer the rear of the train, however, an initial build-np will generally be obtained and, if the condition is suiciently serious, a safety `control vbrake application will result from the above described progresf sive discharge of the condenser d3. i i

lf the release train wire 6 becomes broken at any point rearward of the release magnet .valve device S, all s devices rearward of the point of the break will remain deenergized and hence locally vent the vcorrespending sections of the straight-air pipe 1, while the energ' application magnet valve devices throughout the train will operate to locally build up pressure against leakage, resulting in venting of uid under pressure from the corresponding .auxiliary reservoirs to atmosphere by way of the vented sections of said pipe. in accordance with the usual practice, a cut-off fvalve device 38a as.- sociated with the application and release magnet vvalve devices 7, 8 on the locomotive and similar cutoil valve ydevices (not shown) on the connected cars prevent depletion k.of ,the corresponding auxiliary reservoir preis,- sure below .approximately p. s. `i., but this doeslnot assist in any way in providing an electro-pneumatic brake application Von ,the latfected cars, lf a sucient number ofl cars are thus affected, a safety control brake .application .will generally be effected by shuttling operation of the master controller 4 causing progressive discharge of the condenser ,43. i i v i A leakage ycondition resultant from a break in the straight-air pipe itself will, if Vsufciently serious, canse a safety control brake application to he effected .by virtue ,of the shuttling operation of the master controller g4 unless ,the point of the break is in the locomotive or -the adjacent car which prevents or delays the initial .build-.up of the electro-pneumatic brake application yon the locomotive.

A broken battery return wire 37 will cause both the application and release magnet valve devices on all cars rearward of such break -to be completely inoperative ,because no potential will be developed for actuating said devices. Under vthis condition the sections of .thestr'aight air pipein the affected cars will not ,only he locally .vented but' they will not be locally supplied with duid under pres,- sure; and since fluid under pressure vsupplied from ,the nonar'ected cars will thus be vented :to atmosphere by way of the respective deenergized release valve devices, there will consequently be Substantially no brake applica'- tion on the affected cars. Under this Vhazardous condition, the initial buildrup will be delayed, and .possibly never attained, if the break occurs relatively near the locomotive, whereas, if the break is relatively near the rear end of .the train, the condenser 43 may be progressively V discharged by sliuttling operation of the controller "l, causing in either .event 4a safety control brake Yapplication. l

las previously stated, de energization of the magnet valve device initiates a safety control brake application. With device 4 5 deenergize d iruid under pressure in the control chamber l5 (Fig. 2) of service portion 11 of brake valve Vdevice 3 will be vented to atmosphere bylway of the safety control conduit l2 and chamber 6 7, b ore 7l, unseated exhaust valve 69 and exhaust chamber 68 of device 45'. During this venting of control chamber 15, pressure of fluid in chamber i6 vof device lI", V will cause Piston 1 3 and `slid@ valve 19,10 met@ t@ @Palisades Pesi- .ton .thereby 21.80 .vesting the safety cQntfQl s911411? ,1,2 by iras/915th@ aforementioned leckfcver ser? and elfes?.-

sprechi?? t l 1 j 'ng'a safety control brake application by causing a service reduction in the pressure of fluid in the brake pipe vr2;- said lock-over port being provided, in accordance with the usual practice, for assuring that the engineer may not interrupt and thereby prevent a safety control brake application once same has been initiated.

Assume now that a safety control brake application has occurred as a result of any of the above-described causes and that the engineer now wishes to recapture control of the train.

The engineer moves the handle 9 of brake valve device 3 to running position, thereby venting the straight-air control pipe to atmosphere and hence causing the master controller `4 to move to release position, in which the application and release train wires 5, 6 are concurrently deenergized. As soon as the Wire 5 is thus deeuergized, the relay 41 will operate to energize the control wire 59, thereby causing the condenser 43 to charge, at a rate controlled by resistor 44, and thereby build up the voltage across the relay 42 until said relay operates to energize the magnet valve device by Way of the wire 65. This, in turn, will cause the device 45 to operate to seat the exhaust valve o9 for thereby terminating the venting of the safety control conduit t2 by way of said device; said conduit will still be Vented, however, by way of the aforementioned lock-over port.

Next, the engineer manually adjusts the aforementioned shifter lever for adjusting the brake valve device 3 for operation on the automatic principle; such adjustment being possible, in accordance with the usual practice, only while the handle 9 is in running position. After this adjustment, the handle 9 is moved from running position to lap position, for thereby closing the lock-over port and consequently enabling fluid under pressure in chamber 16 to recharge the safety control conduit 12 by way of the bleed port 17 in piston 13 and the control chamber 15 of the service portion l1 of the brake valve device 13. When the pressure of fluid in chamber l5, and hence in conduit 12, attains substantial equalization with that inthe chamber 16, the service portion iti will operate in the manner previously described to carry the slide valve 19 to normal position. Y

With slide valve 19 in normal position, the engineer may now move the handle 9 to running position and the l,

'3 to running position for re-energizing the magnet valve device 45, in the manner just described, and then -moves lsaid Ihandle into the application and release zone to a point at which, in accordance with the usual practice, the lock-over port` will be closed. After the slide valve 19 (Fig. 2) has returned t-o normal position, in the manner just described, the engineer may return the handle 9 to running position and the train will be in condition to proceed in the normal manner, with braking still controlled on the electro-pneumatic principle.

It will thus be noted that the novel brake insuring p0rtion may be used in conjunction with any of the other well-known safety devices which are operative under various conditions to vent the safety control conduit 12 forlikewise initiating a safety control brake application.

vl/)escrp'tion-SecondV embOdment-Fg. 3 f-Reterring to this figure, all components which lare identical in structure, operation and function with those alf ready described in connection with Fig. l are designated 12 with the same reference numerals as in the latter figure, and subsequent description will be limited to structure thus far not described constituting the second embodiment of the invention.

This embodiment comprises a stepping relay 74 having two operate windings 75, 76 for controlling, respectively, normal rotation -and homing of two double-edged contact arms 77, 78 which are insulated from each other but are mechanically connected so that rotation of one will cause rotation of the other; said relay also controlling operation of a back contact member 79. The terminals of winding are connected, respectively, to branches of the application train wire 5 and the battery return wire 37; and the terminals of winding 76 are connected, respectively, to a wire 86 and a wire 81, the latter wire being connected to the back contact member 79. The arm 7'7 is adapted to sweep about an arcuately arranged series of terminals constituting a bank 32. This bank comprises a home terminal 83 and an adjacent terminal S4 which are connected to each other electrically; the remaining terminals being designated generally by the 'reference numeral 85 since they 'are connected to each other electrically, though separated from terminals 83, 84. The arm 78 is similarly adapted to sweep about an arcuately arranged series `of terminals constituting a bank 86; said bank comprising a home terminal 87 which is sepi arated from the remaining terminals designated generally' by the reference numeral 88.

Upon energization of either winding 75 or 76 of relay 74, the contact arms 77, 73 are adapted to move in unison in a clockwise direction to the ladjacent terminal, and back contact member 79 is adapted to break contact with return wire 37; whereas upon deenergization of either winding, each arm is adapted to remain in contact with the corresponding adjacent terminal, and contact member 79 is adapted t-o make contact with wire 37. Thus, during each successive energization and deenergi zation cycle of relay 74, the arms 77, 78 will move in unison in a clockwise direction from one terminal toan adjacent terminal.

When the straight-air control pipe It? is devoid offluid under pressure and windings 75, 76 are concurrently deenergized, the contact arms 77, 7S, which are connected to branches of battery supply Wire 34, yare each adapted to assume a home position, in which they contact, respectively, the corresponding home terminals 33 and 87. With arm 77 in home position, voltage will be supplied by way of said arm to a Wire S9, for reasons to be brought out in subsequent description of operation.

An electro-pneumatic switch 90 is provided for actuating the Contact arms 77, 7 S to their respective home positions and also supplying necessary voltage for maintaining the magnet valve device 45 energized when the electro-pneumatic brakes 'are released, -as will be understood from subsequent description.

The switch 90 may comprise, for sake of illustration, two flexible diaphragms 91, 92 clamped in spaced-apart, coaxial relation between respective end portions of a sectionalized, hollow cylindrical casing 93, for thereby dening between said diaphragms a non-pressure chamber 94 and on the opposite (i. e., non-adjacent) sides of said diaphragms, respectively, a pressure chamber 95 and an atmospheric chamber 96; said pressure chamber being chargeable with fluid under pressure by way of a branch of the straight-air control pipe it?. The diaphragms 91, 92 are connected together, for deective movement in unison, through the medium of a rod 97 extending through chamber 94 and attached to corresponding followers of said diaphragms. Rigidly mounted on rod 97 Vare contact elements 98, 99 connected, respectively, to the `wire 80 and to a branch of the vbattery supply wire 34.

ln operation, when the straight-air control pipe 10 and hence chamber 95' are vented, a helical spring 100 `disposed ,in atmospheric chamber 96 and acting on diaphragm 92 urges the rod 97 to one limit position in which the contact elements 98, 99 engage non-yieldable contact elements 101, 102, respectively, for thereby de`V iining a closed position of switch 90. When, however, liuid under pressure is supplied to pipe 10 and hence to chamber 95, the pressure of such fluid acting on dia# phragm 91 causes movement of rod 97 to an opposite limit position against resistance of spring 100, causing contact elements 9S, 99 to be disengaged from the corresponding contact elements 101, 102, for thereby deiining an open position of switch 90. The contact element 101 is connected by way of a wire 103 to the contacts S8 of bank 36, and the element 102 is connected by Way of a wire 104 to a back contact member 105 of a relay 106, which will be described presently.

An electro-pneumatic switch 107 is provided for detecting an unduly delayed initial build-up of an electropneumatic brake application, indicative of such as a broken application train Wire or battery return wire 37, as will be explained in subsequent description of operation.

Pihe switch 107 may comprise, for sake of illustration, a iiexible diaphragm 108 clamped between portions of a sectionalized, hollow casing and separating a pressure chamber 109 from a non-pressure chamber 110. The chamber 109 is chargeable with fiuid under pressure or veritable to atmosphere by way of a branch of the straightair control pipe 10, which branch contains a choke 111 for delaying the rate of build-up of pressure in said chamber so that a contact bar 112 operably connected to the diaphragm 103 will maintain an electrical connection between a wire 113 and a wire 114 for a limited time interval after charging of pipe and then break such connection when the pressure in chamber 109 has increased suiiciently to overcome resistance of a helical spring 115 which is disposed in chamber 110 for so biasing the diaphragm 10S as to favor such connection by contact bar 112.; said wire 113 being connected to the wire 89.

The relay 106 is provided for operatively maintaining the magnet valve device 45 energized when the applicav tio-n wire 5 is deenergized. The relay 106 comprises a winding 116 for controlling operation of the back contact member 105 and of a back contact member 117, which contact members are connected, respectively, to a wire 113 and a wire 119; the terminals vof said relay being connected, respectively, `to branches of the application train wire 5 'and Ybattery return wire 37.

When relay 106 is deenergized, the back contact members 117, 105 are adapted to make Contact, respectively, with a branch of the wire 89 and Vwith a wire 120 connectec to the terminals '05 Yof bank 32; and when said relay is energized, said back contact members are adapted to break such contact.

1n order to maintain the magnet valve device 45 energized and thereby prevent a safety :control brake application, an yenergizing voltage must Ybe continuously -ma'mtained across the terminals of a '-relay 121 which is basically similar -in .function though not in structure with the 'relay 42 of the rst 'embodiment (Fig. l). The relay 121 comprises a winding '122 for'controlling operation of front contact members 123, 124; one terminal of said relay being connected through resistor i4 to the wire 118 and the other terminal "being connected to a branch of the battery return .wire 357. The :condenser 43 is shunt connected vacross 'the --terminals fof relay .121, .and said condenser *and the resistor 44 serve the same purpose as in the first embodiment (Fig. l). The Afront .contact member .123 is'connected fby way '-of a wire 125 to the wire :1113. The lfront contact :member v124 is .connected to the .positive rterminal of magnet valve device 45 by wa-y of 'a Wire 126; the other Aterminal of .said -device being connected to vthe battery :return wire 37.

As fion'g 'eis an energizing voltage is maintained Vacross Arelay .121, the :eontact lmember A124i:makes,contact xwitha branch of battery supply wire 34 for maintaining device 14 energized, and. the contact member 123 makes con. tact with a wire 12? which is connected to Wires 114 and 119. When, however, the voltage across; relay -1.21- .is insufficient to energize it, the contact members 12,3, 12,4 will operate to break the contacts just described, and Vthe device 45 will consequently be deenergized and initiate a safety control brake application, as will be understood from description in connection with the rst embodiment (Fig. l).

Qperaton-Fig. 3

In operation, assume initially that the brake valve de,- vice 3 is adjusted for operation on the electropneumatic straight-air principle and the handle 9 of said device is in running position; that the safety control conduit is charged with fluid under pressure, that contact arms l'77, 78 engage home terminals 3,3, 87, respectively, of the corresponding banks 82 36; and that there is no fault in the electro-pneumatic bralie apparatus.

Under this assumed condition, the various components will be in the respective positions in which they are shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings.

Accordingly, with handle 9 in running position, the straight-air control pipe 10 will be devoid of fluid under pressure, in consequence of which the master controller 4 will be in release position, in which both the application and release train Wires 5, 6 are deenergized, The application and release magnet valve devices 7, 8 on the locomotive, as well as those on the connected cars, will therefore cooperate to locally cut oit the straight-air pipe 1 from the corrtisponding auxiliary reservoirs and to, at the same time, locally vent the latter pipe to atmosphere, as will be understood from description in connection with Pig. l.

With the straight-air control pipe 10 vented, the switches 90, V107 will be in their respective closed positions. Hence voltage will be supplied from battery sup,- ply wire 34 to relay V121 and condenser 43 by way of the contact elements 99 and 102 of switch 90, wires 104, 118 and resistor 44, for thereby charging said condenser and also maintaining an actuating voltage across said relay for causing its front contact member 124 to deliver volt,- age from battery supply wire 34 to magnet valve device AIt will also be noted that the relay 121 will be ener.- gized by way of two othercircuits which are of secondary importance inasmuch as they depend initially upon the existence of an actuating voltage across said relay so that the vfront Vcontact member` 123 will engage the Wire 127 by way of which secondary energization is accomplished. Thus, under the assumed condition, voltage will be sup plied to wire 127 by way of contact arm 77, home terminal S3 kof baal; 82, wire 89 and thence via not only the back contact member 117 and wire `119 but also via wire 113, contact bar 112 (switch 107 being vin closed position, as above noted) and wire 114, t should be Anoted alsoft-hat both windings 75, 76 of the stepping relay 7d will he deenergized; the former winding because the application train wire 5 Ais deenergized and the latter winding because :the contact varm 78 being in home position, :is unable to deli-ver voltage to the wire 103fand hence to wire 80,

Assume ,nowthatithe :engineer moves the handle9 of 4uralte fvalve vdevice -3 from `running position -into .the application .and :release zone for A,charging the straight-.air control gpipe 10 with 4iuid at a pressurecorresponding'to the degree of electropneumatic brake application'dered.

Pressure -Of ,fluid in .pipe V10 will cause the switch 90 Vto move to openpositionand 4also cause the master conltroller 4 .tomove Ito .application .position ,for energizing both-the applicationandrelease train wires 5, tilior there- .by actuating the -varicns application and .release magnet calves in the previously `described manner. Energ'i'zation of application 'train wire S will energize winding-75 of relay 74, thus causing the contact arm`s'77, 78`to move in unison' to the adjacent terminals 84, 8S, respectively; also the back contact member 79 of said relayY will break Contact with the return Wire 37 (which is of no conse# quence). Energization of wire will also cause contact members 105, 117 of relay 106 to break their respective contacts with wires 120, 89. Y Y

Since switch 90 is in open' position, voltage will not be supplied to condenser 43 and relay 121 by way of wire 104, but voltage will be supplied to said condenser and relay by way of contact arm 77, terminal 84 of bank 82', wires 89, 113, contact -bar 112, wires 114, 127, front contact member 123 of said relay, wire 125 and resistor 44. It is to be noted that Contact bar 112 will engage the wires 113, 114 for only a certain interval of time, for fluid under pressure supplied to pipe and flowing therefrom through choke 111 will eventually cause deection of diaphragm 108 against resistance of spring 115, thereby effecting disengagement of said contact bar; said choke being of such size as to delay such disengagement of the contact bar until, under normal tolerable conditions corresponding to a maximum degree of brake application, the application wire 5 will be deenergized by movement of the master controller 4 to lap position as a result of the attainment of substantial equalization in pressures of fluid in the straight-air control pipe 10 and straight-air pipe 1` If the application wire 5 is deenergized in the above 'manner at or prior to the time the Contact bar 112 disconnects the wires 113, 114 from each other, a continuous voltage supply to condenser 43 and relay 121 will be maintained by way of contact arm 77, terminal 84, wire 89, back contact 117 of relay 106, wire 119, wire 127, front contact member 123 of relay 121, wire 125 and resistor 44. If, on the other hand, the initial build-up of the brake application is unduly delayed, as by virtue of-a break in the application train wire 5 or battery return wire 37, the voltage supply to condenser 43 and relay 121 will be cut ott, because, as long as wire 5 is energized, the back contact member 117 of relay 106 will be disconnected from the energized wire 89. Hence condenser 43 will discharge until it is no longer capable of maintaining an actuating voltage across relay 121; whereupon the back contact member 124 of said relay will be disconnected from battery supplywire 34, and the magnet valve device 45 will consequently be deenergized and cause a safety control brake application to -be effected in the manner described in connection with the iirst embodiment.

Assume now that the initial build-up in Vthe electropneumatic brake application was timely effected (i. e., before the relay 121 became deenergized) but that a leakage condition, resultant from such as a break in the straight-air pipe 1 or a broken release train wire 6, causes the master controller 4 lto move from lap to application position, thereby reenergizing application train Wire 5. Such re-energization will cause the contact arms 77, 78 to move to the next adjacent terminals and 88, respectively, as well as cause back contact members 105, 117 of relay 106 to be disconnected from wires 120, 89, respectively; as a consequence thereof, the Voltage supply to condenser 4.3 and relay 121 will be cut off.

lf the leakage isy within tolerable limits, this reenergization of the application wire 5 Will be for such a relatively short period or time that the condenser 43 will maintain an actuating voltage across relay 121 during such period, and upon subsequent deenergization of said wire, the loss in charge on such condenser will be substantially restored by way of contact arm 77,`01:le of the terminals '85 of bank 82, wire.120, back contact member 105 of relay 106, wire 118 and resistor 44; it being noted that the resistor 44, as in the-rst embodiment, retards the Y,charging rate of condenser 4 3 for thereby rendering the A g 16 desired degree of sensitivity to the relative percentages of time the wire 5 is energized and deenergized during any subsequent periodic shuttlingvoperation of the master controller 4 to make up leakage from the straight-air pipe 1. Y

1t is to be noted that during each consecutive impulse cycle, defined by successive energization and deenergization of the application wire 5, the contact arms 77, 78 will be advanced from one of the terminals 85, 8S to next adjacent corresponding terminals 85, 88. It should also be noted that since all voltage supplied to the condenser 43 and relay 121 is by way of resistor 44, the sensitivity and proper operation of the novel brake insuring portion will be assured even if the contact arms 77, 78 should, during a brake application, sweep to their respective home positions, as a result of numerous, successive impulse cycles. V

Assume now that with the contact arms 77, 78 engaging any of the terminals 85, 88 of the corresponding banks 82, 86, the handle 9 of brake valve device 3 is moved from the application and release zone to running position for venting the straight-air control pipe 10 and thereby releasing the brake application.

Venting of the straight-air control pipe 10 will cause the master controller 4 to move to release position, in which train wires 5, 6 are deenergized, and will also cause the switch 90 to move toward closed position. Voltage supply to the condenser 43 and relay 121 will be maintained initially by way of back contact member of relay 106 until the switch 90 is in closed position, whereupon voltage will also be supplied by way of wire 104, as will be understood from previous description. With switch 90 in closed position, the winding 76 of relay 74 will be energized by way of contact arm 78, one of the terminals 88 of bank 86, wire 103, contact elements 101, 98 and Wire 80A As soon as winding 76 is energized, the Contact arms 77, 78 will move to the next adjacent clockwise terminal and the back contact member 79 of .said relay will break contact with the battery return wire 37, thus deenergizing said relay; whereupon back contact member 79 will again make such contact, and so on. It will thus be noted that the winding 76 will be successivelyenergized and deenergized until the contact arms 77, 78have attained their respective home positions, whereupon the contact arm 78 will be unable, via the separated or electrically isolated terminal 87, to energize the relay 76; the contact arms will consequently remain in such position and the stepping relaji 76 will therefore lremain deenergized. With the contact arms 77, 78 in home position, the condition initially assumed will exist, thereby assuring that voltage will be supplied by way 'of contact member 77 and terminal 84 of bank 82 upon the next energization of the application train wire 5 incident to an electro-pneumatic brake application build-up.

It will be noted that the novel structure constituting the second embodiment of the invention may be used in conjunction with any of the other usual types of safety control devices, and that recapture after any safety control brake application will be effected in the same manner as already described in connection with the rst embodiment.

Summary lt will now be seen that an improved electro-pneumatic brake apparatus has been provided, both embodiments of which are operative to insure a safety control brake application when any one of a variety of failures in the electrical portion of said apparatus or a break in the straight-air pipe unduly delays the initial build-up of an electro-pneumatic brake application or vitiates the eiectivenessof such application and thereby renders train operation hazardous; said improved apparatus being capable, however, of detecting and recognizing the seriousness of such failure or break so as not tocause freansa-e117 air fpipe is Within inormal :allowable limits and/ or the electro-pneumaticbrakes are effective 'ona sufficient num- 'ber .of cars to'assurelsafe 'operation ofthe train.

4Havingrnowdescribed the-invention, what'I claimas new and'desire to-secure .byiLetters Patent, is:

vl. fIn anfelectro-pneumaticbrake apparatus of the type comprising pneumaticaliy actuated means loperative whenever lthe -pressure of iluid ina straight-air control pipe" exceeds that in Va straight-air-pipe to energize an application ltrain wire ifor initiating -an electro-pneumatic brake application, the combination-of electro-responsive meanslnormally in onefposition-'and-movable to-ano'ther position `for initiating-a `safety control brake application, relay means-having an 'energized position and a deenergized position'forrespectively causing movement of said l'electro-responsive means to esai'd f one position or said other position, -a condenser Vconnected in parallel with said-relay means, a resistor insseries with saidrelay meansand-condenserfforrestrictinglthe rate of charging ofls'aid-condensen a controlwire adaptedlto be=energized for supplying electrical energy to said'condenser `an'cl relay meansby-way of said resistontirstmeansor energizing'said control WireV when said lapplication wireis deenergized, and secondm'eans vadapted upon 'charging of said straight-air contrl'pipe to'maintain vsaid control wireenergizedfor van interval 'ottime corresponding to va tolerable rate of 'build-np of Y'an lectro-pneumatic brake application, -said -condenser being operative upon v"deenergization of'said control wireito :maiantain Vsaid 'relay-means in fsaid Venergized position :for a period of time dependent upon-the `eXtentofV chargebuilt up while :said control Wire is'energized, after which'period said relay means is adapted to'moveto vdeenergized 'position unless said control-wire'is reenergized` by intervening operation ofsaid first means.

2. In anl electro-pneumatic brake apparatus'of'the'type comprising pneumatically actuated means responsive to preponderance of fluid pressure inacontrol conduit over opposing pressure 'of uid ina straight airjpipe for energizing an application train'wire so astoelect a` build up of yan*electro-pneumatic brake application, the combination of velectro-responsive Ameans normally in .one position land movable to another position for initiating .a safety control brake application, a control wire, relay means for 1 energizing .-said fcontrol ."wire L only` during deenergization of'said applicationwire, `electro-pneumatic means responsive to an increase Vin pressure in thecontrol conduit for energizing said 'control'wire 'for a` controlledV time'intervalimmediately following such'increase in pressure in the control conduit, and slow pick-up and release relay means controlling operation of said electroresponsive means and normally operative to maintain said electro-responsive means in its said one position i but responsive to either protracted or abnormally frequent deenergization of said control wire for causing movement of said electro-responsive means to said other position.

3. In an electro-pneumatic brake apparatus of the type comprising pneumatically actuated means responsive to preponderance of the pressure of uid in a straight-air control pipe over that in a straight-air pipe to energize an application train wire for etecting an electro-pneumatic brake application, the combination of electro-responsive means normally in one position and movable to another position for initiating a safety control brake application, iirst relay means having an energized position and a deenergized position for respectively causing movement of said electro-responsive means to said one position or said other position, a condenser connected in parallel with said rst relay means, a resistor in series with said rst relay means and condenser for restricting the rate of charging of said condenser, a control wire T8 adapted -i-to *be 'energized 14Vfor supplying electrical Vvenergy to' said condenser ani-d rstrelay'me'ans lby wayof said resistor, second" relay means lfor energizing said control wire when :said lapplication -vvire is deenergized, and -electroLpneumatic'meansadapted upon an increaseinpressure in said straight-aircontrol'pipe tomaintaingsaid controlwireenergized" for an' interval oftime `correspondin gto a' tolerable rate of build-up' of lan,electro-pneumatic brake application, said condenser 'being operative upon deenerg'ization o'f saidcontrolwire'to'maintain `said rst relay means in saidenergizedlposition'or'a'period of time dependentuponf'the extent 'of' chargebuiltup -while said i control wire is deenergized, afterl whichjperiod sai'd iirst relay means'isadaptedito move to'deenergizedposition unless said control' wireis` reenergizedby interveningoperation f `said `Ysecond'relay -means 24. ln anelectropneumaticv brake apparatus o'fthetype comprising pneumaticallyactuated' means operative Whenever `the pressure f iluid' in -a straight-'air control pipe exceeds v4that in '-a Astraight-air 'pipe lfor Y"energizing "an application Ztrain wire for iinitiating "an electro-pneumatic brake application,thecombination of application valve means having one position 'and'movable" to another' position for initiatingan automati'cbrake application, acontrol wire slow pick-up and release' rel-aymeans'normally operative to cause `operation v"of -said vapplication valve means toits' said one-po`sition and'operative in'response to protractedor Y`frequent l"deerrergization of -said control wire tocause operation-ofrsaidapplication valvefmeans to its said other position, irst electro=pneurnatic means for A'energizing 'said control rwire when' said straight-air control pipe VIis ivented, means including second 4'electropneumatic means fore'energizing saidcontrolwireffor a certain tirneafter' initial'charging'o saidstraightiairlcontrol pipe,1arid'rlay'means foreenergizingsaid control wire Whenever said application wireisd'eenergized.

5 fl-nfan A'electro-pneumatie ybrake apparatus of'zthe' type comprising pneu-matically'actuated means operative'whenever i the pressure f fluid i in a straight-air control 1 pipe exceeds that in la'-straightair'pipe'toenergize an'application train Wire for 'initiating-anelectro=pneumatic ,brake application, 'the' combination of "electrolresponsive, means normally in one 'position 'andnrovable to 'another .positioni'tfor initiating "a" safetyicontrl 'brake' application, relay means havingfan energizediposition anda deenergized position forrespectively causingmovement'of said electrorespon'sivemeans tosaid one position'or saidrthertpo'sitionya condenser connected Vin 'parallel with said relay means, varesistoirin"serieswith said relaymeans ,and condenserrforrestricting therate oficharging of said condenser, a control wire adaptedtobe' energized'for supplying electrical energy to said condenser and relay means by way of said resistor, electro-pneumatic means movable to a closed position upon venting of said straightair control pipe for energizing said control wire by way of a rst circuit, stepping relay means for maintaining said control wire energized by way of a second circuit upon an increase in pressure of iluid in said straight-air control pipe, an electro-pneumatic time-delay switch for opening said second circuit after a certain interval of time during initial build-up of the electro-pneumatic brake application for recognizing prolonged delay in attainment of such build-up, second relay means cooperative with said stepping relay means for energizing said control wire by Way of a third circuit whenever after attainment of such build-up said application Wire is deenergized.

6. In an electro-pneumatic brake apparatus, in combination, a straight-air control pipe, an engineers brake valve device operative to supply uid under pressure to said control pipe, a straight-air train pipe, an increase in pressure in which is adapted to effect an application of train brakes, an application magnet valve device operative upon energization to supply uid under pressure to said straight-air train pipe and upon deenergization to cut oir supply of uid under pressure to said straight-air train pipe, an application train wire connected to said appplication magnet valve device, a pneumatic relay device Operative in response to pressure in said control pipe in excess of that in saidstraight-air train pipe to energize said train wire and upon substantial equalization of pressures in said Vcontrol pipe and straight-air train pipe to deenergize said train wire, a normally charged pipe, venting of fluid under pressure from which is adapted to effect an application of train brakes, control means having a normal condition to hold uid under pressure in said normally charged pipe and another condition to effect venting thereof, a control line, means responsive to deenergization of said train Wire for supplying energy to said control line and to energization of said train wire for terminating such supply, automatic timing means responsive to initiation of an increase in pressure in said straight-air control pipe to supply energy to said control line for a chosen interval of time after said initiation and thereafter terminate such supply, means for storing energy supplied to said Ycontrol line, and means controlling operation of said control means and operative to dissipate such stored energy in effecting normal conditioning of said control means and operative by dissipation of such energy beyond a certain extent to effect said other conditioning of said control means.

7. In an electro-pneumatic brake apparatus of the type comprising pneumatically actuated means responsive to preponderance of fluid pressure in a control conduit over an opposing fluid pressure for energizing an application Wire extending through a plurality of connected vehicles so as to initiate a build-up of an electro-pneumatic brake application on said vehicles, the combination of a control circuit, application valve means responsive to deenergization of said control circuit for initiating an automatic brake application on said vehicles and responsive to energization of saidf'control circuit for holding off the automatic brake application, relay means responsive to deenergization of the application wire for supplying energy to said control circuit and responsive to energization of the application Wire for terminating such supply, and timing means responsive to an increase in pressure in the control conduit'for supplying energy to said control circuit independently of said relay means for a short interval of time immediately following such increase in pressure for thereby preventing said application means from operating to initiate the automatic brake application during this interval and operative at the expiry of this interval to terminate such supply, such that energy will be continuously supplied to said control circuit only if therbuild-up of the electro-pneumatic brake application is completed during this interval.

2@ 8. In an electro-pneumatic brake apparatus, the combination of a straight airl pipe, a control conduit, operator controlled valve means for controlling pressure `4ofli'luid in said control conduit, Van application'train' wire, pneumatically actuated means responsive to preponderance of iiuid pressure in said control conduit over that in said straight air pipe for energizing said application wire, means responsive to energization of said application .wire for supplying fluid under pressure to said straight air pipe for causing an electro-,pneumatic brake application, control valve means having one position for initiating an automatic brake application and another position in which it is ineffective for causing an automatic brake application, slow pick-up and release relay means operative so long as voltage is Within a predetermined range to cause said control valve means to be maintained in said other position and responsive to a reduction in voltage below said range to cause operation of said control valve means to said one position, and other relay means responsive to deenergization of said application Wire for supplying voltage to said slow pick-up and release relay means and responsive to energization of said application Wire for interrupting such supply. Y

9. In an electro-pneumatic brake apparatus, the combination of a straight air pipe, a control conduit, operator controlled valve means for controlling pressure of Huid in said control conduit, an application train wire, pneumatically actuated means responsive to preponderance of iluid pressure in said control conduit over that in said straight air pipe for energizing said application Wire, means responsive to energization of said application Wire for supplying iiuid under pressure to said straight air pipe for causing an electro-pneumatic brake application, control valve means having one position for initiating an automaticbrake application and another position in which it is ineffective for causing an automatic brake application, a first relay adapted when energized to operatively maintain said control valve means in said other position and adapted when deenergized to cause operation of said control valve means to said one position, a condenser connected in parallel with said rst relay, a control wire connected in series With said iirst relay and condenser, and a second relay responsive to deenergization of said application Wire for supplying energy to said control Wire and responsive to energization of said application wire for terminating such supply. c

Elsworth Oct. 3l, 1950 Hines Oct. 30, 1951 

